CHEMISTRY academic instructional library
​Chemistry is intended to expose students to the designs and patterns in the world that God has created. In preceding years, students should have developed an understanding for the macroscopic properties of substances and been introduced to the microstructure of substances. This chemistry course will expand upon that knowledge, further develop the microstructure of substances, and teach the symbolic and mathematical world of formulas, equations, and symbols. The major concepts covered are measurement, atomic structure, chemical formulas and bonding, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, gases, chemical equilibrium, and organic chemistry. 
SMART SCIENCE VIRTUAL LABS
The lab component of this Chemistry course will be fulfilled using Smart Science labs.  All labs from Smart Science are completed online.  Students will have a typical lab experience following scientific steps reaching their conclusions to the lab.

Students should spend time reviewing the introductory video reviewing the process for completing labs with Smart Science.  There will be no equipment of supplies to purchase as you complete your labs online. 
CHEMISTRY ONLINE
UNIT 1- MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS
UNIT 2 - STARTING THE INVESTIGATION: HOW TO IDENTIFY ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES
  1. Course Overview
  2. An Introduction to Chemistry and Metric Measurement
  3. Report: Metric System
  4. Quiz 1: Metric Conversions
  5. Showing Precision in Measurements
  6. Using Significant Figures to Show the Reliability of Data
  7. Using Scientific Notation with Significant Figures
  8. Quiz 2: Precision, Significant Figures, and Scientific Notation
  9. Measuring Volume in the Chemistry Laboratory
  10. Project: Practice in Measuring Metric Volumes
  11. Measuring Mass in the Chemistry Laboratory
  12. Project: Measuring Length with Precision [Demonstrate a proficiency using the metric ruler. Obtain a metric ruler. Examine it carefully to determine its smallest interval. In this activity you are going to make measurements using this ruler. Decide how many digits should be in the measurements you record. Remember, you need to estimate one digit beyond the graduations on the ruler.  Measure at least ten objects around the room that are less than one meter in length. Before you begin, make a table in which to record your results. Include a column for the name of the item and a column for estimating each length before actually measuring it. Record your measurements in centimeters (cm).]​
  13. Quiz 3: Measurement and Precision
  14. Observation and Hypothesizing
  15. Learning to Make Useful and Detailed Observations
  16. Using Graphs to Analyze Data
  17. Project: Tutorial for Making a Scatter Plot Using an Electronic Spreadsheet Program  (In this project, you will be designing a scatter plot (a type of line graph) based on information given to you in a data table. You must organize the data into a graph and make it clear and understandable. The advantage of using the Microsoft© Excel© application over paper and pencil is that you will have a neat and professional graph that may be saved electronically and shared with your instructor.  The tutorial will guide you in using the Excel application, but other spreadsheet tools are available, and, generally, the steps are similar.  Complete the assignment in the Excel spreadsheet and upload for grading.  If you do not have access to Excel notify your instructor of what electronic application, you will be able complete this project.)  
  18. Quiz 4: Measurement to Graphs
  19. Doing Chemistry Your Way: Find Your Future
  20. Quiz 5: Chapter Review
  21. Special Project: Smart Science Labs- You must be registered as a student with Smart Science to complete the virtual labs assigned in this course.  The Labs for this unit are –
    1. ​Simple Graphs (ISL) In-class and virtual data from straight line graphs and
    2. Changing Graphs (ISL)  Understanding broken straight line graphs.
  22. Test
  23. Alternate Test
  24. Reference
  1. The Basic Ingredient: Chemical Elements
  2. Quiz 1: Elements, Chemical and Physical Properties
  3. Using Chemical and Physical Properties to Identify Substances
  4. Creating Compounds: Investigating Chemical Changes
  5. Quiz 2: Elements to Compounds and Chemical Changes
  6. Report - Density  (Determine the density of three pure solids on g/cm3 (refer to the lesson in this unit titled using Chemical and Physical Properties to Identify Substances for the formula for density as well as a chart for densities of common materials and substances). Choose objects of which you are sure of their identity, such as aluminum foil (crumpled or in a ball), copper wire or iron nails. Then, test an object that you think might contain one of the materials you tested. Report as to whether your data supports your hypothesis. Write a 200-word report including hypothesis, procedure, results, and conclusions. Discuss the question, "What factors cause differences in density?" Be specific.)
  7. Identifying Different Types of Mixtures
  8. ​Quiz 3: Chapter Review
  9. Special Project: Smart Science Virtual Lab – Experiment - Molar Mass by Vapor Density - Estimation of molar mass by weighing vapor.  (Complete all steps to the lab process and reporting.)
  10. Test
  11. Alternate Test
  12. Reference
UNIT 3 - EXPLORING LAWS FOR GASES AND CONSERVATION OF MASS
UNIT 4 - THE DISCOVERY OF ATOMS: NATURE'S BUILDING BLOCKS
  1. Nothing Stays Put - The Basis for Diffusion and Pressure
  2. Gases and Kinetic Molecular Theory
  3. Project: Graphing Kinetic Energy  (Apply the principles of Kinetic Molecular Theory to graphs of molecular motion. Print out graph paper and sketch a curve that represents the distribution of molecules at a temperature below the one shown. Label it as T2. Describe both T, and T2 in terms of their average kinetic energy. Be specific and detailed.)
  4. Quiz 1: Diffusion and Kinetic Molecular Theory
  5. Pressure-Volume Relationships in Gases (Boyle's Law)
  6. ​Quiz 2: Diffusion to P-V Relationships in Gases
  7. Temperature-Volume Relationships in Gases (Charles' Law)
  8. Experiment – Gas Volume -Temperature - (Replaces Finding Absolute Zero Experimentally) Determine the relationship between gas volume and temperature.
  9. Quiz 3: Diffusion to V-T Relationships in Gases
  10. Combined Gas Law
  11. Quiz 4: Diffusion to Combined Gas Law
  12. Counting Gas Particles: The Measure of the Mole
  13. How Big is a Mole? Avogadro's Number
  14. Demonstrating Conservation of Mass with Balanced Equations
  15. Essay: Biography  (Research and describe the important contribution that one of the following investigators of science has contributed to knowledge of science: Robert Boyle, Lord Kelvin (William Thomson), and James Maxwell.  Your report should be a minimum of 500 words with appropriate citing using MLA.)
  16. Quiz 5: Chapter Review
  17. ​Special Project: Smart Science Virtual Labs – Experiment – Gas Volume - Pressure. (Determine the relationship between gas volume and pressure)
  18. Test
  19. Alternate Test
  20. Reference
  1. The Golden Years of Chemistry
  2. Masters of Classic Atomic Theory
  3. Quiz 1: Golden Years to Masters
  4. Designing an Organizational Map: The Periodic Table
  5. Quiz 2: Golden Years to Periodic Table
  6. The Bohr Model Revisited
  7. Quiz 3: Golden Years to Bohr Model
  8. Charging Up: Ionization of Atoms
  9. Quiz 4: Golden Years to Ionization
  10. A Closer Look Inside: Nuclear Reactions
  11. Report: Fission Reactors  (Describe in detail the process of energy production in a nuclear reactor. Document the use of nuclear reactors in this country and world-wide. Evaluate the impact of this scientific advancement on societies and the environment. Prepare a 500-word report on fission reactors in use today. Include the mechanics of the reaction, safety procedures, control mechanisms, and potential as an energy source. Detail the hazards, pollution problems, and waste disposal problems.)
  12. Quiz 5: Chapter Review
  13. Special Project: Smart Science Virtual Labs – Experiment - Introduction to the Periodic Table. (Easier search for missing elements) 
  14. Test
  15. Alternate Test
  16. Reference
UNIT 5 - MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
UNIT 6 - SEMESTER REVIEW AND TEST
  1. Chemical Accounting: Stoichiometry
  2. Valence Structure
  3. Quiz 1: Stoichiometry to Valence
  4. Determining Chemical Formulas
  5. Electron Availability: Prelude to Bonding
  6. Quiz 2: Stoichiometry to Prelude to BondingG
  7. Types of Chemical Bonds
  8. Polar Covalent Molecules and Dot Structures
  9. Experiment: Smart Science Labs - Hydrate Analysis Procedure (replaces demonstrating Polar Properties)
  10. ​Quiz 3: Chapter Review
  11. Special Project:Smart Science Virtual Labs – Experiment - Analysis of Hydrates. (Interactive exploration of procedure for hydrate analysis)
  12. Test
  13. Alternate Test
  14. Reference
  1. Review
  2. Exam
  3. Alternate Exam—Form A
  4. Alternate Exam—Form B
UNIT 7 - CHEMICAL REACTIONS, RATES AND EQUILIBRIUM
UNIT 8 - EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMS
  1. ​​Evidence for Chemical Change
  2. Enthalpy of Reaction
  3. Using Gibbs Free Energy to Predict Spontaneous Reactions
  4. Quiz 1: Chemical Change to Enotropy and Gibbs Free Energy
  5. Factors that Affect Reaction Rates: Solution Concentration
  6. ​Factors that Affect Reaction Rate: Temperature, Catalysts, Concentration of Reactants
  7. Quiz 2: Chemical Change to Reaction Rate
  8. Reaction Equilibriums and Equilibrium Constants
  9. Activity: Exploring Factors that Affect Equilibrium (Evaluate experimental results showing equilibria shifts due to temperature change. Using this reversible reaction, answer: N2O4 2NO2  As the temperature increased, what happened to the [N2O4]? Was the formation of reactants or products favored by the addition of heat? Which reaction is exothermic?  If the change of enthalpy of this reaction when proceeding left to right is 14 kcal, which chemical equation is correct?  N2O4 2NO2 + 14 kcal, N2O2 2NO2, HR = +14 kcal, N2O4 + 14 kcal 2NO2, N2O4 2NO2, HR = -14 kcal.  Complete the question as a part of this assignment.)
  10. Conditions Affecting Equilibrium
  11. Quiz 3: Chapter Review
  12. Special Project:Smart Science Virtual Labs – Experiment - Solubility. (What affects solubility in different solutes)
  13. Test
  14. Alternate Test
  15. Reference
  1. Chemist's Toolbox
  2. Solutions
  3. Solution Concentration: Molarity
  4. Electrical Nature of Solutions
  5. Solubility
  6. Quiz 1: Toolbox TO Solubility
  7. The Dissolving Process​
  8. The Solubility Constant
  9. Quiz 2: Toolbox to Solubility Constant
  10. Acid-Base Equilibria
  11. ​pH Scale
  12. Titration of Acids and Bases
  13. Quiz 3: Toolbox to Titration
  14. Redox Equilibria
  15. Redox and Oxidation Potentials
  16. Activity: Solution Concentration vs. Conductivity (Graph experimental data and interpret results for peer review. A chemistry student carried out an experiment with a conducting apparatus (ammeter) similar to the one below. This ammeter measures in milliamperes (mA). The following data was taken.  Answer all questions related to his activity showing the graph)
  17. pH Calculations
  18. Quiz 4: Chapter Review
  19. Special Project: Smart Science Virtual Labs – Experiment -​​
    1. Acid-Base Titration Wet Lab. ​(A do-it-yourself acid-base titration lesson)
  20. Test
  21. Alternate Test
  22. Reference
UNIT 9 - CARBON CHEMISTRY: HYDROCARBONS
UNIT 10 - CARBON CHEMISTRY: FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
  1. Organic Compounds
  2. Sources of Organic Compounds
  3. Quiz 1: Organic Compounds and Their Sources
  4. A Closer Look at the Carbon Atom
  5. Bonding in Organic Compounds
  6. Quiz 2: Organic Compounds to Bonding
  7. Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons
  8. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
  9. Quiz 3: Chapter Review
  10. Test
  11. Alternate Test
  12. Reference
  1. Common Reactions of Saturated Hydrocarbons
  2. Reactions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
  3. Quiz 1: Reactions of Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
  4. Alcohols
  5. Aldehydes, Acids, and Ketones
  6. Esters
  7. Quiz 2: Reactions of Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons to Esters
  8. Nitrogen Functional Groups
  9. Proteins and Amino Acids
  10. ​Quiz 3: Chapter Review
  11. Special Project:Smart Science Virtual Labs – Experiment  -
    1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry
    2. Buffers. (study of how solution composition affects sensitivity to addition of acid or base)
  12. Test
  13. Alternate Test
  14. Reference
UNIT 11 - CHEMISTRY REVIEW
UNIT 12 - SEMESTER REVIEW AND TEST
  1. Measurement and Analysis
  2. Scientific Analysis and Significant Figures
  3. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
  4. Gases and Moles
  5. Quiz 1: Measurement to Gases and Moles
  6. Atomic Structure and Nuclear Reactions
  7. The Periodic Law
  8. Molecular Structure
  9. Chemical Reactions, Rates, and Equilibrium
  10. Reaction Dynamics
  11. Quiz 2: Measurement to Reaction Dynamics
  12. Solutions
  13. Solubility Equilibrium
  14. Neutralization
  15. Organic Compounds
  16. Hydrocarbon Chemistry
  17. Quiz 3: Chapter Review
  18. Test
  19. Alternate Test
  20. Reference
  1. Review
  2. Exam
  3. Alternate Exam—Form A
  4. Alternate Exam—Form B
UNIT 13 - FINAL EXAM
  1. Exam
  2. Alternate Exam—Form A
  3. Alternate Exam—Form B